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1 до ... десятичного знака
•Evaluate 1/12 to three decimal places.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > до ... десятичного знака
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2 уточнять
•The temperature values have been refined (or improved, or adjusted) by the application of instrumental corrections.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > уточнять
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3 до ... десятичного знака
•Evaluate 1/12 to three decimal places.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > до ... десятичного знака
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4 стандартная атмосфера
Атмосфера, определённая следующим образом:a) воздух является идеальным сухим газом;b) физические константы воздуха являются следующими:— средняя молярная масса на уровне моря:M0 = 28,964420 x 10-3 кг/моль;— атмосферное давление на уровне моря:P0 = 1013,250 гПа;— температура на уровне моря:t0 = 15°CT0 = 288,15 K— плотность на уровне моря:ρ0 = 1,2250 кг/м3;— температура таяния льда:Ti = 273,15 K;— универсальная газовая постоянная:R* = 8.31432 Дж/моль/К;c) температурные градиенты являются следующими:
Примечание 1. Стандартный геопотенциальный метр имеет значение, равное 9,80665 м2с-2.Примечание 2. См. Doc 7488, где указаны зависимости между переменными величинами и даны таблицы, содержащие соответствующие значения температуры, давления, плотности и геопотенциальной высоты.Примечание 3. В Doc 7488 также приводятся удельный вес, динамическая вязкость, кинематическая вязкость и скорость распространения звука на различных абсолютных высотах.An atmosphere defined as follows:a) the air is a perfect dry gas;b) the physical constants are:— Sea level mean molar mass:M0 = 28.964420 x 10-3 kg mol-1— Sea level atmospheric pressure:P0 = 1013.250 hPa— Sea level temperature:t0 = 15°CT0 = 288.15 K— Sea level atmospheric density:ρ0 = 1.2250 kg m-3— Temperature of the ice point:Ti = 273.15 K— Universal gas constant:R* = 8.31432 JK-1mol-1c) the temperature gradients are:
Note 1.— The standard geopotential metre has the value 9.80665 m2s-2.Note 2.— See Doc 7488 for the relationship between the variables and for tables giving the corresponding values of temperature, pressure, density and geopotential.Note 3.— Doc 7488 also gives the specific weight, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity and speed of sound at various altitudes.(AN 8)Русско-английский словарь международной организации гражданской авиации > стандартная атмосфера
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5 использование теплотворной способности
использование теплотворной способности
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
utilisation of calorific value
Calorific value is the heat per unit mass produced by complete combustion of a given substance. Calorific values are used to express the energy values of fuels; usually these are expressed in megajoules per kilogram. They are also used to measure the energy content of foodstuffs; i.e. the energy produced when the food is oxidized in the body. The units here are kilojoules per gram. Calorific values are measured using a bomb calorimeter (apparatus consisting of a strong container in which the sample is sealed with excess oxygen and ignited electrically. The heat of combustion at constant volume can be calculated from the resulting rise in temperature). (Source: DICCHE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > использование теплотворной способности
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6 определять
Определять - to determine, to estimate, to assess (расчётом, измерением); to infer (логически); to diagnose (диагностировать); to detect (обнаруживать); to identify (опознавать, выявлять); to control, to govern, to dictate, to dominate, to establish (обуславливать, играть главную роль); to define (формулировать), to measure (знания, способности)No capital cost penalty was assessed against this design. (Увеличение капитальных затрат для этой конструкции не определялось.)A second critical number at 2200 was inferred, based on further changes in the shape of the local mass transfer rate profile, to indicate the onset of vortex shedding in the separated region.Inasmuch as those measured values of the position cause greatly magnified errors in the second divided difference, it was possible to detect which measurements were not precisely correct.By this process, an axial station was identified at which the pure downstream motion was punctuated by the lunges of the reattachment zone.A similar result was reported in [...] for cantilever designs with short spans, where bearing deflection controls pinion motion. An opposite trend is displayed for the straddle where the shaft, stiffened by a decrease in length, dictates pinion deflection.However, manufacturing considerations will establish a minimum practical fin thickness.Finally, the convection currents become established and dominate the heat transfer.Also calculated were the transferred volume and the void volume, both of which will be defined in the section describing the transfer model.The testing measures your command of the English language in the areas of listening, reading, writing, and speaking.Определять(ся) поAs the fan blade material is titanium the pressure instrumented blades are identified magnetically by a flame sprayed soft iron patch applied to the blade tips.The temperature gradient on the surface can be determined from the temperature profile.System stability was indicated by a vanishing of the sustained oscillatory behavior and the reappearance of the inherent random fluctuations.Defect size can thus be measured by frequency as follows.F(Tw/T) was found to be unity in this regime if all properties were based on the film temperature.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > определять
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7 при этом
При этом - with, here (где, здесь - в выкладках); when done in this way, in so doing, in doing so, with that, therewith, at this point (о сопутствующих обстоятельствах); at this (о значении величины). Иногда это словосочетание на английский язык не переводится.Here, fh represents the friction factor in the hole, taken as constant.The assumed form of this relationship is l = A/Pd with Pd expressed in MPa.In negotiating curved track, creep forces are generated between the wheels and rails, which attempt to move the axles' radial alignment. In so doing, the truck suspensions are strained.The lubricant introduced at the small end is pumped through the bearing to the large end and in doing so is thrown centrifugally to the cup raceway surface thus cooling the cup.A careful study of the problem reveals that either h or T must be provided as input and, with that, the solution will yield the other of the two via an iterative procedure which uses the measured temperature on the rear face.When done in this way, the grain depth of cut increases from zero at the start of each scratch, reaches maximum values halfway through, and then decreases back to zero.At this point, the light source aperture, the cell and white light viewing apertures should be in perfect alignment.(Пример случая, когда это русское словосочетание на английский не переводится.) Normally, the heat exchanger can be unpressurised by shutting off the fluid inlets and outlets. The temperature will gradually decrease to the ambient temperature.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при этом
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8 соответствовать установившейся практике
Соответствовать установившейся практике-- The basic composition of the bath corresponds to usual practice. Соответствующий - appropriate (to); associated, involved, applicable, relevant, along the lines of (имеющий отношение к делу); proper, suitable, matching (подходящий); commensurate with, associated, corresponding (связанный зависимостью); corresponding, respective (при сопоставлении нескольких результатов, деталей); conforming to, complying with (подчиняющийся)The appropriate values are shown in Table and Fig.Physical properties appropriate to methanol boiling at atmospheric pressure were used throughout this analysis.It is important to note that the engine contained the normal regenerator disk and associated seals.It is possible that it [resonance] is not recognized as the casual agent and a general beefing-up of the parts involved is undertaken as a fix for the problem.The supplier shall establish procedures for identifying the product from applicable drawings.sT, sr are the stresses to give a specific strain or rupture in the lifetime of the vessel at the relevant temperature.Emergency shower, drench hose, and combination units are not a substitute for proper primary protective devices.A manipulator along the lines of Fig. has been examined by X.It is preferable to accept weaker weld metals with good ductility, rather than a weld metal which has matching strength but poor ductility.The atomizing air is preheated to the same temperature as the heated (temperature commensurate with 100 SSU viscosity) residual fuel oil entering the burner oil tube.Over the past few decades the generator capacity has been increasing steadily, warranting a corresponding increase in the rotor diameter.The initially measured value of the drag coefficient in each run is 10 percent to 12 percent higher than the corresponding steady-state value.Surrounding the stagnation zone are streak lines indicating that the fluid adjacent to the plate surface is flowing outward toward the respective edges.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > соответствовать установившейся практике
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9 действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
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[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Effects of the electric arc inside switchgear and controlgear assemblies
In the proximity of the main boards, i.e. in the proximity of big electrical machines, such as transformers or generators, the short-circuit power is high and consequently also the energy associated with the electrical arc due to a fault is high.
Without going into complex mathematical descriptions of this phenomenon, the first instants of arc formation inside a cubicle can be schematized in 4 phases:
1. compression phase: in this phase the volume of the air where the arc develops is overheated owing to the continuous release of energy; due to convection and radiation the remaining volume of air inside the cubicle warms up; initially there are temperature and pressure values different from one zone to another;
2. expansion phase: from the first instants of internal pressure increase a hole is formed through which the overheated air begins to go out. In this phase the pressure reaches its maximum value and starts to decrease owing to the release of hot air;
3. emission phase: in this phase, due to the continuous contribution of energy by the arc, nearly all the air is forced out under a soft and almost constant overpressure;
4. thermal phase: after the expulsion of the air, the temperature inside the switchgear reaches almost that of the electrical arc, thus beginning this final phase which lasts till the arc is quenched, when all the metals and the insulating materials coming into contact undergo erosion with production of gases, fumes and molten material particles.
Should the electrical arc occur in open configurations, some of the described phases could not be present or could have less effect; however, there shall be a pressure wave and a rise in the temperature of the zones surrounding the arc.
Being in the proximity of an electrical arc is quite dangerous; here are some data to understand how dangerous it is:
• pressure: at a distance of 60 cm from an electrical arc associated with a 20 kA arcing fault a person can be subject to a force of 225 kg; moreover, the sudden pressure wave may cause permanent injuries to the eardrum;
• arc temperatures: about 7000-8000 °C;
• sound: electrical arc sound levels can reach 160 db, a shotgun blast only 130 db.
[ABB]Действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
Короткое замыкание вблизи больших силовых устройств, таких как трансформаторы или генераторы имеет очень большую мощность. Поэтому энергия электрической дуги, возникшей в результате короткого замыкания, очень большая.
Не вдаваясь в сложное математическое описание данного явления, можно сказать, что первые мгновения формирования дуги внутри шкафа можно упрощенно разделить на четыре этапа:
1. Этап сжатия: на этом этапе объем воздуха, в котором происходит зарождение дуги перегревается вследствие непрерывного высвобождения энергии. За счет конвекции и излучения оставшийся объем воздуха внутри шкафа нагревается. На этом начальном этапе значения температуры и давления воздуха в разных зонах НКУ разные.
2. Этап расширения: с первых мгновений внутреннее давление создает канал, через который начинается движение перегретого воздуха. На этом этапе давление достигает своего максимального значения, после чего начинает уменьшаться вследствие выхода горячего воздуха.
3. Этап эмиссии: на этом этапе вследствие непрерывного пополнения энергией дуги почти весь воздух выталкивается под действием мягкого и почти постоянного избыточного давления.
4. Термический этап: после выхлопа воздуха температура внутри НКУ почти достигает температуры электрической дуги. Так начинается заключительный этап, который длится до тех пор, пока дуга не погаснет. При этом все металлические и изоляционные материалы, вступившие в контакт с дугой, оказываются подвергнутыми эрозии с выделением газов, дыма и частиц расплавленного материала.
Если электрическая дуга возникнет в открытом НКУ, то некоторые из описанных этапов могут не присутствовать или могут иметь меньшее воздействие. Тем не менее будет иметь место воздушная волна и подъем температуры вблизи дуги.
Находиться вблизи электрической дуги довольно опасно. Ниже приведены некоторые сведения, помогающие осознать эту опасность:
• давление: На расстоянии 60 см от электрической дуги, вызванной током короткого замыкания 20 кА, человек может подвергнуться воздействию силы 225 кг. Более того, резкая волна давления может нанести тяжелую травму барабанным перепонкам;
• температура дуги: около 7000-8000 °C;
• шумовое воздействие: Уровень шумового воздействия электрической дуги может достигнуть 160 дБ (выстрел из дробовика – 130 дБ).
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
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10 при сравнимых в остальном условиях
При сравнимых в остальном условиях-- This change results in a drop in stiffness of 30 percent for otherwise comparable conditions. При условии, что - provided (that), providing, given, with; with the understanding that; except thatFor example, the effect of varying coefficient of friction can be predicted, provided this does not introduce other wear mechanisms.The resultant energy level of turbulence is fixed by the imposed length scale, provided that the scale is sufficiently large.Using the stack temperature in equation (...) does not introduce serious error, providing bed temperature gradients are not too high.Given a reasonable areal extent of the cavity, roof collapse will occur.This experimental evidence implies that the classical von Karman approach to pure Newtonian flow is applicable in homogeneous slurry flow, except that the von Karman constant should be altered.The ratio of dimensionless load and L can be considered as constant with the geometrical parameters held near the optimal values.These [heat inputs] will be ignored henceforth, however, with the understanding that in certain cycles the measurement of secondary flows may be necessary for the determination of the total heat input.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > при сравнимых в остальном условиях
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11 табличное значение
Табличное значениеIf, however, more detailed results are needed, tabulated numerical values for all important parameters are contained in reference [...].With the measured values of wetbulb temperature and total pressure and with a table look-up for Psat at Twb, equation (...) yields Wwb.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > табличное значение
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12 соответствующий
•Examine the corresponding values of...
•These effects must he limited to a magnitude compatible with the desired accuracy.
•The extinct bird had massive legs, in keeping with great body weight.
•Test equipment appropriate to each test is installed.
•To maintain the requisite temperature,...
•Steel conforming to (or complying with) the specifications...
II•We supplied the hydraulic equipment and associated control systems.
•Noise in electrical circuits arises because all the mechanisms involved are in dynamic and not absolute equilibrium.
•Television transmitters and their associated transmission lines...
•The liver, spleen, kidneys... with ( their) associated nerves and blood vessels, are located in...
•Specialists trained in the pertinent (or relevant) branches of engineering...
•A cold storage plant is a large insulated building, with its attendant refrigeration equipment.
•Selection of the proper aluminium alloy is extremely important.
••This variation can be measured by suitable photometers.
•Appropriate substitutions should be made.
•These numbers may be written with the appropriate algebraic signs.
IV•This will be discussed in the relevant (or corresponding, or appropriate) sections of the book.
•Pertinent information is available in...
•The ions move to their respective electrodes under the influence of the applied voltage.
•and P2 are the periods of revolution of planet-1 and planet-2, D1 and D2 are their respective distances.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > соответствующий
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13 изменять
•When the angle is varied from 0° to 180°...
•Oxygen can modify the path of carbon within the chloroplast.
•The solution pH has been adjusted to convert the organic compounds into more soluble ionic forms.
•Variations in will affect the rotational term.
•In quantum mechanics Planck's equation E = hv transformed our view of the subatomic universe.
•The shape of the flame may be modified by means of a sleeve fitted over the burner tube.
* * *Изменять (работу)-- The combination of these two factors made an appreciable difference to the performance of the twistless denim weight fabric. Изменять -- to change, to alter; to shift (сместить); to modify (с целью усовершенствования); to vary (варьировать в поисках закономерности); to refine (методику и т.п.); to reverse (на противоположное); to make a difference to, to make a change inIt did not significantly alter the flow stability for any of the cases examined.The minimum values suggest that the precipitous drop should be modified; a line of varying curvature might be more realistic.. (... участок резкого падения кривой следует изменить)The limitations inherent in the experimental setup made it impossible to vary chamber pressure and temperature independently.The procedure was gradually refined until it took only a few hours.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > изменять
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14 колебаться
•Populations fluctuate in size.
•The pointer oscillates with respect to the centre of the scale.
•The prices vary (or fluctuate).
•In the steady state, oscillates (or fluctuates, or varies) between upper and lower limiting values.
•The controlled variable will oscillate forever about the desired steady-state value.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > колебаться
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15 колебаться
•Populations fluctuate in size.
•The pointer oscillates with respect to the centre of the scale.
•The prices vary (or fluctuate).
•In the steady state, oscillates (or fluctuates, or varies) between upper and lower limiting values.
•The controlled variable will oscillate forever about the desired steady-state value.
* * *Колебаться -- to oscillate, to fluctuate; to vary (изменяться в каких-то пределах)Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > колебаться
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16 возможно, что некоторым исключением являются
Возможно, что некоторым исключением являются-- A possible exception might be in the specimens tested at room temperature at the lowest values of DK, where crack growth rates might be slightly higher in the irradiated material.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > возможно, что некоторым исключением являются
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17 хорошо согласовываться
Хорошо согласовываться-- Wherever these can easily be compared, they check well. Хорошо согласовываться сModel results for bed temperature transients (Fig.) agree closely with experimental data.Results obtained using both steel and rubber show good agreement with the theoretical values.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > хорошо согласовываться
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18 постепенно
•The difference in temperature levels will be progressively (or gradually) reduced along the length of the unit.
•The voltage may be smoothly varied from... to...
•Rotating hydraulic motors were improved by degrees, over the years.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > постепенно
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19 параметры микроклимата в отсеках корабля
The environment parameters inside the spacecraft - pressure, temperature, humidity and gas composition - were the same as the pre-calculated values.Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > параметры микроклимата в отсеках корабля
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20 параметры соответствовали расчетным
The environment parameters inside the spacecraft - pressure, temperature, humidity and gas composition - were the same as the pre-calculated values.Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > параметры соответствовали расчетным
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